Magnitude for contaminants of a given log K ow. In aquatic organisms can produce estimates that vary by orders of Published BAFs to predict site-specific contaminant concentrations Is through the application of empirical steady-state bioaccumulationįactors (BAFs), typically calculated as the quotient of tissue concentrations,Įxpressed on a wet weight, dry weight, or lipid normalized basis,Īnd total aqueous phase concentrations. Organism tissues would be useful to risk assessors in instances when 3, 7 Having a predictiveĪpproach to estimate concentrations of hazardous chemicals in aquatic Trends in order to obtain samples that capture site-representative Range, sample availability, and spatial and temporal contamination 3− 6 Furthermore, careful consideration must be given to organism home

Of tissue data is logistically challenging, time-consuming, expensive,Īnd can further stress compromised ecological communities. 1, 2 However, obtaining necessary amounts To collect and evaluate tissue levels of hazardous chemicals in order In cases where the publicĬan be exposed to contaminated fish and/or shellfish, it is necessary Health, such as exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)Īt Superfund sites or following an oil spill. Releases of chemicals that pose unacceptable levels of risk to public Health officials are tasked with identifying To estimate PAH concentrations in tissues when concentrations wereīelow detection in the freely dissolved phase. Importantly, PLS calibration provided a means Of the variation in the data set and provided predictions within ∼3× PAH concentrations in crayfish, where the model explained ≥72% Limit substitution provided the best predictive power for estimating Results also show that of several modeling approaches,Ī two-factor partial least-squares (PLS) calibration model using detection Tended to be more populated by low molecular weight PAHs compared In high molecular weight PAHs and that freely dissolved PAH profiles

Phase samples collected within the Mega-site had PAH profiles enriched Study results show that crayfish and aqueous We deployed semipermeable membrane passive sampling devices (SPMDs)Īnd collected resident crayfish ( Pacifastacus leniusculus) at nine locations within and outside of the Portland Harbor Superfund Further investigations may be needed to test the inhibition of latent infections, which may result in the development of novel methods for treating viral diseases.Average polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in theįreely dissolved phase and those present in resident aquatic organisms. AAV1-mediated delivery of SaCas9 shows great potential in treating HSK and inhibiting HSV-1 in TG neurons. SpCas9 and SaCas9 are able to inhibit HSV-1 infection in Vero cells and mouse TG neuronal cultures with high efficiency and good biosafety. Adeno-associated virus 1 (AAV1)-mediated delivery of SaCas9 inhibits HSV-1 replication by targeting ICP4 in mouse primary TG neuronal cells. No significant guide RNA (gRNA)-dependent off-targets were observed in the human genome by digenome sequencing and deep sequencing verification. In Vero cells, SpCas9 and SaCas9 targeting ICP0 or ICP4 can effectively inhibit the proliferation of HSV-1 without affecting cell viability. As antiviral treatment is not effective on latent HSV-1, to test the possibility of inhibiting HSV-1 by SpCas9 ( Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9) or SaCas9 ( Staphylococcus aureus Cas9), ICP0 and ICP4, two important genes required for HSV-1 replication and reactivation, were chosen as targets. Latent infection of HSV-1, especially in the trigeminal ganglion (TG), causes recurrence of HSV-1 infection. Herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) is the most common cause of corneal blindness in developed nations, caused by primary or recurrent herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection of the cornea.

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